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Essay on Revenge of Beowulf - 1181 Words

Revenge of Beowulf Beowulf is an epic poem that, above all, gives the reader an idea of a time long past; a time when the most important values were courage and integrity. The only factors that could bestow shower fame upon a person were heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the paradigm of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to amass fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is ever present throughout the poem seems to color the identities of its characters. Revenge is presented both as an honest motive and a rhetorical tactic in Beowulf. For Beowulf himself, reprisal of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"[Grendel’s] mother had sallied forth on a savage journey,/ grief-racked and ravenous, desperate for revenge† (Beowulf, 1276-1278). Her desire to avenge her son is carried out, but it ultimately leads to her death. Beowulf’s desire to garner fame and respect overpowers all of the raw emotion and anger felt by Grendel’s mother. She serves the purpose of showing the purest form of revenge, and how its blindness can lead to one’s demise. Beowulf, the defender of Hrothgar and Heorot, exhibits far more complicated (and less sincere) shades of revenge than the Grendel’s mother. At the end of the day, Beowulf’s goal is to become the preeminent warrior in all the land. In his society, the only way to gain such widespread celebrity is through courageous and self-endangering acts. Beowulf masks these deeds with a faà §ade of seeking revenge; he supposedly comes to Heorot to save the Danes from Grendel’s terror, but his true motives lie in becoming a hero. His reward is not the pride of doing a good deed; Beowulf is rewarded with lavish and expensive gifts. [Hrothgar] presented Beowulf / with a gold standard as a victory gift, / an embroidered banner; also breast-mail / and a helmet; and a sword carried high...Show MoreRelatedBeowulf and the Tempest-Revenge966 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge Many comparisons can be seen between Shakespeare’s novel The Tempest and the epic Beowulf. One of the strongest similarities is the idea of revenge. Shakespeare’s novel occurs basically in order for Prospero to have revenge on his enemies from usurping his dukedom. Beowulf’s original monster, Grendel, starts acting out less due to revenge and more out of pure frustration. His death though, causes his mother to act on revenge, killing one of Hrothgar’s trusted advisor, Aeschere, causingRead MoreRevenge In Beowulf And Iliad1605 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Merriam- Webster dictionary Vengeance or revenge is defined as â€Å"a punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense†. Vengeance could be classified as a form of justice at times. And is seen through Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two storiesRead MoreRevenge Essay : The Theme Of Revenge In Beowulf1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthey all have their own survival skills also have their own revenge plan .Beowulf fight for his people in the country;Grendel’s mother revenge for her son; Wiglaf fight for his King and loyalty; They all did really good revenge for their own people, for their family and for their loyalty.In the epic poem Beowulf, the idea of vengeance is exemplified through the actions of Beowulf, Grendel’s mother and Wiglaf. The first character did revenge is Beowulf.Beowulf begins with the story of Hrothgar andRead MoreRevenge: A Theme in Beowulf Essay638 Words   |  3 Pages Have you ever wanted to avenge a wrong doing done unto you? Well, the characters in Beowulf will stop at nothing to achieve vengeance. Revenge is so immensely practiced that it is a common act to pay of a deed done by an offender. However, a payment or truce does not satisfy the desire for revenge in the Poem. Every time a Character precedes to make peace, it eventually falls apart by a desire to avenge loved ones. This desire is usually upheld until someone is no longer left to be avengedRead More The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesVengeance and Revenge in Beowulf    The oldest of the great lengthy poems written in English and perhaps the lone survivor of a genre of Anglo-Saxon epics, Beowulf, was written by an unknown Christian author at a date that is only estimated.   Even so, it is a remarkable narrative story in which the poet reinvigorates the heroic language, style, and values of Germanic oral poetry.   He intertwines a number of themes including good and evil, youth and old age, paganism and Christianity and theRead MoreViolence and Societal Change in Beowulf Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian forest industry...† Violence (conflict) is necessary to producing social change and an improved society. The theme of violence in Beowulf is portrayed by the character Beowulf’s presence, usefulness and hero status in the poem with the understanding that violence is a necessary function of society. Violence also extends itself to the theme of revenge which is perpetuated by violence and represented by three monsters; Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. It is through these acts ofRead MoreRetribution in Beowulf1124 Words   |  5 Pagesfame to somebody was heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the example of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to accumulate fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is present throughout the whole poem seems to enrich the identities of its characters. In _Beowulf_, revenge is represented with both an honest and rhetorical motives. Payback of monsters offenses is Beowulf s path to the top: worldwide fame, infinite wealthRead MoreThe Values of the Anglo-saxons Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagespieces of British literature recorded is the epic poem Beowulf. The poem concentrates on the life of the adventurous Geat warrior, Beowulf. Beowulf faces several challenges throughout the poem that depict him as a man who would go to extreme lengths to accumulate fame. While creating a legend for himself, Beowulf and other characters within the poem reveal several values of the Anglo-Saxons. These values include their belief in boasting, revenge, and loyalty. Who wants to be forgotten after deathRead MoreDifferent Ideas Extracted from the Story, Beowulf647 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story Beowulf, many different ideas can be extracted. It envelopes lineage which was crucial in the Anglo-Saxon period. It also envelopes kennings, litotes, and alliteration which was crucial to the formatting of the story. Most importantly it involves various themes. These themes include loyalty, generosity, reputation, and revenge. Themes are a vital part of a story and Beowulf in particular involves many. Loyalty is an extremely important trait one could have. It involves trust, courageRead MoreBeowulf Is A Pagan Work Essay519 Words   |  3 Pages The poem Beowulf was written in England sometime in the 8th century. It was written during a time when the society was in the process of being converted from paganism to Christianity. The Christian influences are combined with early folklore and heroic legends of Germanic tribes. Yet, the pagan elements in the epic poem Beowulf clearly overshadow the Christian elements, and it is visible in the character’s superhuman personifications, their hunger for revenge, and their strong belief in fate

Twenty four hour truce Free Essays

As women, we all dream of a life where we finally feel free and safe. Just the mere thought of being able to walk down the street alone at 1 1 PM without worrying that someone might take advantage of you Is beyond exhilarating, feeling safe In our own homes, safe In our relationships, safe amongst the figures who were deemed to be protectors but have proved time and time again to be the mall source of our pain. Andrea Drinks calls upon a truce, â€Å"†¦ A Twenty-Four-Hour Truce During Which There Is No Rape†. We will write a custom essay sample on Twenty four hour truce or any similar topic only for you Order Now Henceforth this essay will critically analyses Drinks plea, not only ringing forth an end to rape and the rise of men in against this patriarchal war but to bring an upturn in gender equity and the evaluation of restorative and punitive justice. First and foremost we need to define what gender equality is. Gender equality can be regarded as the measurable equal representation of women and men. Gender equality does not Infer that women and men are the same; amongst other reasons we are not the same and we will never be the same mainly because of our biological stand points. But gender equality does Imply that both men and women ought to eve equal value and should be accorded equal treatment; not only In the workplace but In the societal view as a whole. In Drinks speech, she proves that patriarchy Is a framework that is socially embedded in the eve stands of the clothes that we wear. Even to those who proclaim that they do not support such backward yet very present views of patriarchy, their silence, their standing in the shadows doing and saying nothing is a clear indication of their support. As it verifies that he who is most violent stands in the place of being the alpha male. Men such as Joseph Kong or militant ropes such as the Book Harem, Doll Hitler, Fillmore Slim.. And so forth; have made their marks in the sand of time for the oppression of women . All opposed by the female masses yet the males, those who are supposedly on the same superior ranking, have remained on the side-lines of this In Just war against women abuse In all angles. L would Like to scream; and In that screams I would have the raped and the sobs of the battered; and even worse, In the centre of that scream I would have the deafening sound of women’s silence, that silence into which we are born because e are women and in which most of us die† – Andrea Drinks I believe that we have reached a point in time where this on going struggle against male dominance should not be necessarily headed by females only. We live in this world where when it is deemed necessary in the public eye men and women are equal, we have seen and embraced the leadership skills of women, the inventors and of those have proved to be twice as strong in combat. It Is time that men pulled out their placards from their cupboards and voiced out their feelings of rebellion against patriarchy and put their foot forward towards gender equality. Ender equality or gender equity does not Ill In the hands of men. As It Is with any battle that Is being fought the greatest victory comes from the mind of the oppressed. Realigns that they themselves are indeed worth the fight and that they are not and should not be educate other women. This is possible through education because, yes, even in this day and age most women especially of those coming up from townships and surrounding violent areas still believe that if a man hits you; leaves you with bruises, if a man puts you down emotionally and if a man forces himself on you especially if o are in a relationship. This is seen as a proud declaration to the public of his love towards you. As we know first and foremost change comes from within. So before we can expect anyone on the outside to protect women and to speak on behalf of women the oppressed minds of those whose lives have revolved around playing victim need to be able to stand up for what is that they believe in; which should be gender equality â€Å"A gun in every holster, a pregnant woman in every home will make America a man again† -Ronald Reagan One needs to define and fully understand what it really means to be a man. In this case we see that being a man takes on the form of being superior and being in control. On the perspective of gender equity gender based violence is not the only form of oppression. Abuse comes in many forms and sizes. Gender violence includes rape, sexual assault; relationship violence in heterosexual and same sex relationships, sexual harassment, stalking, prostitution and sex trafficking. The term â€Å"gender violence† reflects the idea that violence often serves to maintain structural gender inequalities, and includes all types of violence against women, children, adolescents, gay and transgender people. This type of violence in some way influences or is influenced by gender relations. To sufficiently address this violence, we have to address cultural issues that encourage violence as part of masculinity. The workplace is also one of the places where great oppression against women occur. In the workplace women are often obliged to perform favors whether it be sexually they or other; they are subsequently expected to earn lower salaries than their male counterparts even if though they might do the same amount of work if not more. People often misinterpret the teaching of religion to fit their own demented fetishes in relation to male dominance. Where one religious book would teach the readings of the submissiveness of women and how respect is a two way streak; another would look at that teaching as a means where women are to be treated as puppets and they are the puppeteers in that they control every movement. Society also places a huge role on how women are supposed to think, look, eat, enhance, wear and behave. There has been a great shift in the way that women dress in the asses as apposed to now. It is onlooker about looking reprehensible and elegant and well put together at all times. It is indeed about how much skin you can show, it is about sex appeal. Now this sex appeal is not directly directed to other women it is in actual fact directed at men, as they are seen as having the most purchasing power in all angles. The common phrase sex sells is true, but at what cost? It is at the cost of thousands of women pioneering to walk around half naked to be recognized by men; it is at the heart of a multimillion dollar food chain (Hooters) . Women may not monumentally realism this pressure to constantly look good, not necessarily for ourselves but for the pleasure of males. This is a form of oppression because it means that as women we are unconsciously forced to sell ourselves for the benefit of those who will view women as nothing more than Just visual pleasures. The current resolutions is given to individuals that do not have an interest in the matter, which ultimately prevents the individuals involved from determining their own form of justice. Additionally, obedience to this system is enforced under duress. Rather than sing force to achieve compliance, the anarchist approach to resolving conflict is voluntary, and believes Justice can only be determined by the involved parties through dialogue. This means, rather than sending offenders to Jail, they confront the people that have been harmed by their actions, and take responsibility for rectifying the situation and by helping them recognizes their mistake. But how does one find comfort in rehabilitating a fully grown man who rapes a child? How does one rectify years and years of broken bones, black eyes and blank outs when the fear of being rut again is deeply rooted in the women’s soul. Whereas, punitive Justice works on the basis that it is indeed an eye for an eye. It believes in punishment an in a sense, revenge; but could also have detrimental outcomes as the root of the problem was not resolved and because of this the perpetrator can do it again. Not much punishment can be done because of the human right laws that are in place to protect everyone equally It is like a child that is being punished for something that he or she does not understand, the chances of that child doing it again are very high cause they could not see where they went wrong. There is no sure fire way of preventing perpetrators from acting again. We do not know if restorative Justice or punitive is the way forward as we are all different some people have higher moral values than others and some Just don’t have them. Period. In closing Drinks claims do have merit in South Africa as our rape and women abuse ratings sky rocket by the minute. Is it possible, yes, purely because anything is possible. But not in the near future, equality is system that will take a lot of time to adjust too. This not only applies to men but to women as well. How to cite Twenty four hour truce, Papers

Introduction on Tyco International Leadership Crisis -Free Sample

Questions: What role did Tycos corporate culture play in the scandal? How did Dennis Kozlowski have the opportunity to steal $137 million in unauthorized bonuses? Why is Kozlowski, now a prisoner for a long time, unrepentant about his conduct as CEO of Tyco? Answer: Introduction In the paper, the case analysis of Tyco International is to be discussed. It is being identified that the leadership crisis inside the company held responsible for its downfall. The leaders of the company do not realize the value of ethical leadership as far as functions and operations were concerned. The high level of fraud and hiding the actual position to the investors comes out to be the biggest crime. The people behind the scene were brought in the limelight and were sentenced imprisonment for a period of 25 years. The lack of ethical leadership results in high level of mismanagement and chaos. Moreover, it badly spoiled the reputation and credibility of the company (Martin, 2011). Tycos Corporate Culture Tycos corporate culture plays a chief role in the scandal. The person liable for this scam named Dennis Kozlowski, took on the CEO position with the intention to raise the level of personal profits. The decentralized nature of the power and development of his own board are all responsible for creating such issues. In this way, the corporate culture fails to assess his working area and the way he was making his own team conceal his wrong doings (Maxcy, 2002). The corporate culture does not give importance to the ethical leadership concept. In the absence of this concept, Kozlowski drew undue advantage of his position and develop the culture of hypocrisy. Due to this only, he carried upon all the fraudulent practices under the name of the company and whistleblowers were also stricken away from their positions in a planned manner (Goodenough, 2008). Opportunity Dennis Kozlowski has the opportunity to steal $137 million in unauthorized bonuses by making wrong use of the power. In the very initial, his conduct and sincere role towards company do not create any doubt in the mind of the investors. This backs up in getting on the CEO position and to win over the trust of the companys investors. Slowly and gradually, he becomes close to the companys business aspects and aware of the profitable avenues. The wrong use of the power and concealing the facts from the investors led to the stealing of the amount. Along with this, the misappropriation of the funds took place and get affirmed by the team of fraudulent people working under the concerning Board of the Company. Along with this, the auditors does not play their role effectively and honestly. All these together are the reasons behind giving Dennis an opportunity to carry upon such illicit activities (Bellingham, 2003). Unrepentant Kozlowski, now a prisoner for a long time, unrepentant about his conduct as CEO of Tyco. This comes out to be the situation and it really makes one feel bad about the same. His deeds were not at all well and that makes the company highly affected. Its revenues go on lowering down and badly impact trust of the investors. Dennis actual aim was just to raise the personal income and not thinking about the companys downfall. His greatest achievements made him offered stock of the company, and he makes wrong use of it (Sims, 2003). From that time only, his intentions took more bad shape, and he started playing games by forming his own board filled with officials that were also aimed to be a part of this scam. The only reason he is not sorry for his conduct was that he lacks morals and ethics in his behavior. His conscious do not allow him to figure out the difference between what is right and wrong (McMahon, 2004). Ethical Leadership and Corporate Culture The ethical leadership and corporate culture are the main areas that serve to be the cornerstone of the company. Its presence is very much necessary to help the key professionals move in a right direction and support the company to grow and prosper. Corporate culture is helpful to bind the workers with the company and to carry their duties accordingly. In the business world, these two hold great relevance and importance with regards to the accomplishment of the goals and objectives. The presence of these two aspects would surely aim to support the firm enhance and augment in the most positive way. In the business world, these two act as the role models and make the company members carry upon practices in the most decent and honest manner. The conduct of the members needs to be favorable on the part of the company (Leigh, 2013). Research The two companies to research on are Wal-Mart and McDonalds. In Wal-Mart, the global ethics can be very well seen and it is gaining an immense level of popularity. The company is having a worldwide presence and it moves forth with the concept of Global Ethics. According to this, the key features of the program are to act as a pathfinder and resource for ethical decision-making, maintaining privacy within the system of reporting, and works as an ethics education in an incessant manner. The same goes with the company McDonalds, it also gives a great level of importance to the ethical aspects. Ethical leadership together with the corporate culture is considered by making it a constituent of the company. This seems to be of great assistance to permit the workers to perform their duties towards their customers at its best. These two companies direct others to give importance to these concepts in an organizational format (Ethics Integrity, 2016). Conclusion Ethical leadership and the Corporate Culture are to bind with each other, such that the functioning goes on successfully and effortlessly. By doing this, it would automatically raise the image and character of the company in the most positive manner. It is a must from the part of the company members to understand the worth of ethics and morals. This has to be considered in the working procedure just to back up the firm maintain its enduring presence. Along with this, the employees would also serve well to the expectations of the company and making shareholders pleased with the level of performance and functioning. References Bellingham, R. (2003). Ethical Leadership: Rebuilding Trust in Corporations. Human Resource Development. Ethics Integrity. (2016). Retrieved from https://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/ethics-integrity Goodenough, P.L. (2008). Ethical Leadership, Values Congruence, and Work Place Deviance: An Exploratory Study. ProQuest. Leigh, A. (2013). Ethical Leadership: Creating and Sustaining an Ethical Business Culture. Kogan Page Publishers. Martin, R. (2011). Fixing the Game: How Runaway Expectations Broke the Economy, and How to Get Back to Reality. Harvard Business Review Press. Maxcy, S.J. (2002). Ethical School Leadership. Rowman Littlefield. McMahon, T.F. (2004). Ethical Leadership Through Transforming Justice. University Press of America. Sims, R.R. (2003). Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis Essay Example

Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis Paper The story of the history of the cubic equation illustrates a change in mathematics that came with the Renaissance: the understanding that mathematicians must publish their work to succeed; that instead of keeping mathematical knowledge as secrets within families, to be used as weapons in debates, or in mathematics contests, they must be available to the public. The solution of the cubic equation came at a time when both these conflicting views on mathematics were both in common practice; furthermore, the story involved controversy between mathematicians from both sides of the argument, which seem to reflect perfectly the changing ideas of how mathematics should be practiced. This is exemplified by the controversy between the two names most commonly associated with the cubic formula, or the solution to the cubic equation: Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576), the prestigious physician, astrologer and mathematician who first published the result, and Niccolo Fontana, known as Tartaglia (1506-1557), a self-educated mathematician who secretly derived the formula to use to his advantage in a mathematics contest, and was outraged when Cardano published it without permission. Cardanos actions were representative of the new attitudes of Renaissance mathematicians-for instance, that publishing should be synonymous with prestige- while Tartaglia represents the underdeveloped philosophy of the middle ages, that mathematics should be kept secret from the public so that mathematicians may gain personal prestige. We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cowlings Rule Formula Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cardano acted appropriately as a Renaissance man, and made the decision that was aimed toward the greater good of mathematics. Cardano heard about Tartaglia and his solution to the cubic equation, and wrote a letter asking Tartaglia to share his solution so that he might publish in his next book on algebra, Ars Magna. Tartaglia responded denying Cardanos request and proposed that his result would only see the light of day when he chose to publish a work of his own. However, Cardano eventually managed to persuade Tartaglia to share his secret, on the condition that he took an oath never to divulge it to anybody. Six years later, Cardano published Ars Magna, which included Tartaglias formula. From one point of view, one could conclude that Cardano was merely acting on the new philosophies of the Renaissance, and that, in complaining about the publishing of his formula, Tartaglia was merely clinging to the medieval views about mathematics, which were much less efficient in producing mathematics, and even more unfair in assigning credit where it was due. Some of the trends of keeping mathematical advancements out of the public eye were still occurring during the Italian Renaissance. Until the printing press became popular in the mid-sixteenth century, it was common practice to keep mathematical knowledge a secret within a mathematicians family, and, at the most, to share it with ones apprentices. The primary reason is that mathematical contests, such as the contest between Tartaglia and Fiore, were still common practice among mathematical scholars. Mathematical knowledge could be a powerful weapon until it was exposed to the public. 2) Complex Numbers Four and a half centuries have elapsed since the discovery of complex, or imaginary numbers, a discovery which ultimately has had a profound impact on the whole of mathematics, unifying much that had previously seemed disparate and explaining much that had previously been inexplicable. Far from being embraced, complex numbers were initially greeted with suspicion, confusion and even hostility. Cardanos Ars Magna (1545) is traditionally taken to be the birth certificate of complex numbers. It may seem a little strange therefore that he introduced them only to dismiss them with the comment they are as subtle as they are useless. Building on the work of del Ferro and Tartaglia, Cardanos Ars Magna showed cubic equations could be solved by the remarkable formula. When considering the problem Cardano encountered a solution which required the square root of -121, i.e. a negative number. Such a solution was called a casus irreducibilis. Cardano was aware that negative numbers did not possess square roots but he also knew that x=4 was a solution to the above equation. He was not able to make sense of this paradox; he had, as it were, blundered into the minefield of complex numbers. (Hollingdale) Clearly the challenge presented by the existence of complex numbers could not be ignored much longer. Bombelli was the first mathematician bold enough to accept the existence of imaginary numbers, and hence to throw some light on the puzzle of irreducible cubic equations. While complex numbers themselves remained mysterious, Bombellis work on cubic equations established that real problems required complex arithmetic for their solution. In proving the reality of the roots of the cubic , Bombelli demonstrated the extraordinary fact that real numbers could be engendered by imaginary numbers.(Burton) It was because of the study and development of the cubic equation that imaginary numbers lost some of their mystical character. However, just as with the birth, the subsequent development of the theory was inextricably bound with the progress in other areas of mathematics. 3) The Battle of the Scholars Public Contests  At the turn of the sixteenth century in Italy, a teacher of mathematics lived in a highly competitive world. At this time, students paid their professors directly for each course they took. Thus, if they became dissatisfied with the level or quality of instruction, payment could be summarily suspended, and the instructor could be forced to leave the school and even the town. To uphold their reputations and to insure their livelihoods, professors engaged in public contests, which were commonplace among mathematical scholars. The contests had a huge influence on scholars, first because the prize was often a considerable sum of money, and second because positions at universities were not tenured, and maintaining professorships depended heavily on ones performance in contests. These contests were generally initiated by an underdog who proposed a series of problems to an established figure. The better-known mathematician then prepared a comparable set of examples for the challenger. After a predetermined length of time, the participants came together in public to present their solutions, the one with the greater number of correct answers taking the contest. In such an atmosphere, the guardian of a new solution or technique gained a distinct advantage over potential opponents and enjoyed job security by virtue of his secret. Given the system, it was simply not in ones best interests to publicize major discoveries. Tartaglia was a strong proponent of this attitude towards secrecy. In addition to his contest with Fiore, Tartaglia participated in a large number of public contests, in which he was quite successful. In fact, he made a large part of his living from the prize money he received from public disputes and contests.  Indeed, the study of the cubic equation certainly helped to revive the zest and vigour which early day mathematicians experienced. Let it be said that Italy has spawned some of the worlds greatest artists, for in the renaissance, Italy saw the development of some of histories most magical artists determined pure mathematicians.

Indian Mathematicians And Their Contributions Essay Essay Example

Indian Mathematicians And Their Contributions Essay Essay Example Indian Mathematicians And Their Contributions Essay Essay Indian Mathematicians And Their Contributions Essay Essay Ramanujan He was born on 22na of December 1887 in a little small town of Tanjore territory. Madras. He failed in English in Intermediate. so his formal surveies were stopped but his self-study of mathematics continued. He sent a set of 120 theorems to Professor Hardy of Cambridge. As a consequence he invited Ramanujan to England. Ramanujan showed that any large figure can be written as amount of non more than four premier Numberss. He showed that how to split the figure into two or more squares or regular hexahedrons. when Mr Litlewood came to see Ramanujan in cab figure 1729. Ramanujan said that 1729 is the smallest figure which can be written in the signifier of amount of regular hexahedrons of two Numberss in two ways. i. e. 1729 = 93 + 103 = 13 + 123 since so the figure 1729 is called Ramanujan’s figure. In the 3rd century B. C. Archimedes noted that the ratio of perimeter of a circle to its diameter is changeless. The ratio is now called ‘pi ( ? ) ’ ( the 16th missive in the Greek alphabet series ) The largest Numberss the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used Numberss every bit large as 1053 with specific names every bit early as 5000 B. C. during the Vedic period. ARYABHATA Aryabhatta was born in 476A. D in Kusumpur. India. He was the first individual to state that Earth is spherical and it revolves around the Sun. He gave the expression ( a + B ) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab He taught the method of work outing the undermentioned jobs: BRAHMAGUPTA Brahma Gupta was born in 598A. D in Pakistan. He gave four methods of generation. He gave the undermentioned expression. used in G. P series a + Ar + ar2 + ar3 +†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . + arn-1 = ( arn-1 ) ? ( r – 1 ) He gave the undermentioned expression: Area of a cyclic four-sided with side a. b. c. d= v ( s -a ) ( s- B ) ( s -c ) ( s- vitamin D ) where 2s = a + B + degree Celsius + d Length of its diagonals = SHAKUNTALA DEVI She was born in 1939 In 1980. she gave the merchandise of two. 13 digit Numberss within 28 seconds. many states have invited her to show her extraordinary endowment. In Dallas she competed with a computing machine to see who give the regular hexahedron root of 188138517 faster. she won. At university of USA she was asked to give the 23rd root of 91674867692003915809866092758538016248310668014430862240712651642793465704086709659 32792057674808067900227830163549248523803357453169351119035965775473400756818688305 620821016129132845564895780158806771. She answered in 50seconds. The reply is 546372891. It took a UNIVAC 1108 computing machine. full one minute ( 10 seconds more ) to corroborate that she was right after it was fed with 13000 instructions. Now she is known to be Human Computer. BHASKARACHARYA He was born in a small town of Mysore territory. He was the first to give that any figure divided by 0 gives eternity ( 00 ) . He has written a batch about nothing. voiceless consonants. substitution and combination. He wrote. â€Å"The centesimal portion of the perimeter of a circle seems to be straight. Our Earth is a large domain and that’s why it appears to be level. † He gave the expression like wickedness ( A  ± B ) = sinA. cosB  ± cosA. sinB

The Volcanic Island Arcs of the Pacific Term Paper

The Volcanic Island Arcs of the Pacific - Term Paper Example (Akusekijima) near Pacific. Iriomotejimi: In the north of Iriomotejimi Island, submarine volcano is present. This volcano is located 25 km north north east (NNE) at the tip of Iriomotejimi island. The estimated depth of the area where this island is located is about 200 to 300 meters. A major eruption took place at this volcanic island in 1924. The after effects of this eruption were terrible. The pumice rafts produced with this eruption had total volume about 1 cu km. This was carried away by water currents along the whole coast of Japan as far as Hokkaido situated in the north. The largest block formed by melted concrete also known as pumice blocks exceeded up to 1x2 meters in size. The volume of eruption proved to be the largest among all the historical eruption. The largest volume made this outbreak volcanic explosion as the largest in Japan’s history. Kikai Caldera Kikai Caldera is a massive volcano up to 12 miles in diameter. This volcano is located in Osumi islands in J apan. This volcano is the remain of ancient volcanic eruptions took place thousands years ago. Akahova eruption is directly connected to Kikai Caldera. This eruption is considered one among the largest volcanic eruptions took place during Holocene ten thousand years ago. The consequences of this volcanic eruption prolonged and about six thousand years ago, pyroclastic flows from that outbreak and the magma reached to the southern coast of Kyushu. This flow extended over an extensive area up to 62 miles away. The ash could be felt at distant areas. This eruption further produced round about 150 cubic kilometers of tephra. The Volcanic Explosivity Index was 7 due to this massive explosion. So, the ongoing conditions made this one of the most destructive and explosive in last 10, 000... The term paper "The Volcanic Island Arcs of the Pacific" talks about the Pacific tectonic plates all along the boundary situated in the West. These plates move under another and sink into the mantle of the Earth. As a result subduction zones establish in broad curves and island chains develop along these zones. These chains are known as island arcs. Islands are formed due to these volcanic activities but at the same time, there might be several other reasons. Flexing plates, sometimes, up to warp the floor of the sea, lifting it out and form islands. Moreover, if subducting plate has plentiful sediments then these sediments may be slipped off to overriding plates. This scrapped sediment portion builds up into a wedge which is called mà ©lange. Sometimes this wedge may put up so much that it converts into a ridge. This ridge further dominates the forearc. For arch is the region present in between the trench axis and island arc. When tectonic forces apply to these forearcs, they get uplift and the ridges are also uplifted and form islands. Examples of such types of islands include Yap, Guam, and Eua. The Kuril Islands formed volcanic arc composed of 45 volcanoes present on 20 islands. The Pacific Plate shifts with great velocity. This speed is about 90 mm per year. The Pacific plate subducts under Okhotsk Plate near Kuril trench. Here it goes deeper in a northwest direction. This area is seismically very active to a depth of about 680 km. the volcanoes present here are heated up with melted magma.

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program in W.G. Rhea Elementary School Research Paper

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program in W.G. Rhea Elementary School Kindergarten - Research Paper Example Research on Dr.Myrna Shure's program I Can Problem Solve for early elementary (how it has been used, where it has been used, results, etc) along with other programs or information that use problem-solving techniques and cognitive methods.An analytical framework of using ICPS Program for helping children in various aspects is presented.The approximation is based on series of generalizations and specific assumptions. However, these are valid for a wide range of real life situations.ICPS Program teaches the critical thinking skills children require to solve problems on their own. After receiving this program, children learn to generate solution and alternative solutions to problems. They learn to go one step ahead and think of the situation that will arise once the decision is taken. Ability to plan properly the steps to be taken to reach the main goal is developed on their own.How Here, students are helped to solve problems on their own by using real life situations and using fun and e xciting methods such as using colorful pictures, puppets etc. Discussions among groups of students and role plays are also done during the program to help them understand and come up with various solutions and alternative solutions to situational problems .They are then allowed to find out for themselves which would be the best solution to the problem considering the consequences. The program teaches students basic skills and problem solving language. They learn word concepts, how to identify problems, come up with solutions, find out factors behind problems, generate alternate solutions and also study consequences. Children learn to be sensitive. They recognize not only one's own feelings but also others. Children tend to be empathetic and understand problems others face from their point of view. And hence they are able to respond to others problems and influence their responses in turn. Children become better decision makers. Many role plays are conducted during this program enact ing problematic situations. They are requested to come up with solutions and alternative solutions to such situational problems. And they finally choose the best solution on their own after studying the consequences to their decisions. This enables them to manage and solve everyday problems more effectively. Relating lessons learned to other areas, extension activities, activity sheets and other interactive activities are included. (Shure,1992) Where Initial research, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health in Washington, DC, was conducted with low-income African-American youngsters. Subsequent service evaluations beginning in grade 3 were successfully conducted with diverse ethnic and income groups, as well as those with special needs including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Results: (What effect does the ICPS program have on behavior): Children were found to be more patient and less

Ethics Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Case Study - Research Paper Example For instance, they should neither be forced nor be subjected to undue influences. In this case, the child’s mother was not informed (by day care center) of any mistreatment / ill-treatment / neglect regarding her beloved child; hence, the principle of autonomy has been violated. The case comes under child abuse so it should be reported to concerned authorities that would ban the license / registration of that center to avert any further fatalities, thereby saving infants / children. 1.2 - Principle of Non-maleficence The next principle in bioethics is known as non-maleficence that focuses on the least harm to patients (intentionally). For instance, it should be pointed out that certain measures have to be taken that reduces the chance of harm to patients. In addition, the non-maleficence principle also overlaps with due care theory that endorses the idea of care to patients through use of precautionary measures. In this particular case of a child, the day care center certainly neither ensured least harm to the 8-month old nor cooperated with the mother by explaining the condition of her child. Therefore, the principle of non- maleficence is violated since maximum care was not provided to child during absence of her mother. 1.3 - Principle of Beneficence The third ethical principle is known as beneficence that refers to choosing the best option so that greatest good could be done for patients and possibility of evil could be minimized. In this particular case, the best option for day care personnel was to communicate and fully inform child’s mother about the crying, unusual behavior and physical condition of her child so that she could take any immediate measures for rectification. Similarly, the best option for physician was to persuade mother to report the case before court of law instead of satisfying himself that it was not child abuse so it should not be reported. In this way, the principle of beneficence had been violated by the two parties a nd the child’s mother secures right to report and request for punishment to culprits followed by payment of damages (x-ray expenses, physician’s fees etc.). 1.4 - Principle of Justice Another most important principle of bioethics is the justice ethical principle that states that the decision-makers should choose alternatives and make decisions that are fair and that could be justified for all those associated with that case or dilemma. In simple words, the decisions should comply with different ethical approaches. Also, the just and ethical decisions avert the possibility of unrest in the society because the guilty is punished and innocents are protected. In this case, the actual loser in this case is the child’s mother whose trust factor on day care center personnel was affected as well as she had to rush her injured child to hospital, thereby facing emotional and financial issues. Hence, it should be argued in the light of justice approach that the decision sh ould be reported so that the performance of childcare centers could be monitored (Hyden, 1999). For instance, the physicians should also be

The Salvation Army Hostel For The Homeless Social Work Essay

The Salvation Army Hostel For The Homeless Social Work Essay Introduction According to Hardcastle, Powers and Wenocur (2004), Community practice is the application of practice skills to alter the behavioural patterns of community groups, organisations, and institutions or peoples relationships and interactions with these entities. Drawing from this simple definition of community practice, the report focuses on the work I carried out as an Applied Community studies student working with homeless people at the Salvation Army (SA) hostel in Coventry where I completed 140 hours of practice learning as an Assistant Project Worker. For personal reflection and intellectual development the report evaluates the themes around homelessness (causes and bio-psycho-social impacts of homelessness). The theories, legislation and policy underpinning work with homeless people is discussed, and for argument`s sake, the effectiveness of intervention methods is critically analysed while particular emphasis on factors contributing to inequalities in health and social care such a s ageism, gender discrimination, race and ethnicity and social exclusion to promote an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2002 and 2008). An evaluation of my learning outcomes will be made, and the report will argue that relying on funding from the local government affects the administration and provision of welfare services at the centre, which in most cases creates ethical dilemmas for Project Workers. Further, the report will argue that complying with the local authority on who to give help makes the Salvation Army to depart from its core values based on Christian principles: feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and giving shelter to the homeless (Walker, 2001) among others Christian values, for example, its work with asylum seekers. The report also recognises that lack of continuity in the community affects casework with individuals. The essay concludes by identifying areas of good practice. description of SA and work carried out The Salvation Army was founded in 1865 by William and Catherine Booth to help people identified as socially undesirables (Prostitutes, criminals, drug addicts) to embrace Christianity (Murdoch, 1996; Walker, 2001). To date, the Salvation Army has centres worldwide and provides social aid to people in need, including disaster relief (Chronicle of Philanthropy 30 October 2008). It runs youth programmes and provides accommodation to homeless people but on a temporary basis. In Africa the Salvation Army works with refugees and displaced people among other community works. It operates as a non government organisation agency that provides relief to people in need. Social support intervention is guided by the Salvation Armys 11 Christian doctrines, or soldiers covenant, as an army against social ills. According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy (30 October 2008: 10) the Salvation Army was the largest charity in the USA giving away more than $2 billion in social aid in 2007. The Salvation Army hostel (Coventry) provides accommodation to 80 residents, mostly men (75 rooms are reserved for men with only five reserved for women). The implications of this gender variation will be discussed later. In addition, it takes only homeless people between the ages of 18 and 65, and this concept will also be discussed later in relation to ageism. In addition, the centre does not provide accommodation to people who have no access to public funds, such as asylum seekers, and there are no facilities for homeless families, although the Salvation Army in Leamington has only one family unit. Again, this will be discussed in relation to society stereotyping single people, especially men, as more likely to become homeless. The centre also runs a resource centre which help service users to bid for houses on Coventry Home finder, and job search. In addition, the centre also hold cooking courses to promote healthy eating and budget meals among residents, and used sport (football ) to encourage healthy living interaction through sport, and clients participated in football once every week. I worked as an Assistant Project Worker in a team of 20 staff that included 10 project workers. My job included attending referral meetings, carrying out risk assessments and identifying reasons for homelessness, profiling where a key worker asks the homeless person a series of questions in line with the National Monitoring and Evaluation Services (NMES). My duties also involved helping the service users to bid for houses, signposting them to the Job centre, organising cooking and football events. Critical analysis of relevant theory to practice. The report now analyses the discourse of homelessness in view of the bio-psycho-social needs of homeless people. Maslow (1954) identified seven basic human needs, of which shelter is among them (Taylor, 2010). In England, homelessness is a major issue, and between January and March 2003 there were 31 470 households identified and accepted as homeless by the Local Authority homeless (Wright et al 2003). According to Wright et al (2003), people who are homeless usually have socio, medical and psychological needs, and are stereotyped as anti-social, violent, migrants, and undeserving. Further, they also face isolation, lack of choice, and stigmatisation (Homeless Network 1999 Report). They are also likely to be discriminated and socially excluded because of their ethnicity, gender, race and age (Wright et al 2003). Power and Hunter (2001) concur with this assertion and argue that some of the homeless peoples most immediate challenges include nutritional deficiencies, cold weather, poor personal hygiene and drug and alcohol misuse. In addition they have higher incidents of morbidity and mortality (Wright el al 2003). Some of their medical needs/problems include a chronic history of severe alcohol dependence, with gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular or metabolic complications (Wright et al, 2003 pg 9). They also have higher incidents of depression and risk of suicide (ibid). For effective intervention with homeless people to promote their health and well-being, staff at the Salvation Army works jointly with health partners (GPs), housing departments, non-statutory organisation and social services departments. Most people who use the services (homeless) at the Salvation Army hostel are single white men, ex-convicts, drug and alcohol misuse, and refugees. Underlying bio-psycho-social issues included HIV, substance misuse, isolation, and unemployment. An understanding of these underlying needs was important during a risk assessment so that they could be identified and appropriate intervention provided, for example, where homelessness was caused by unemployment, the person would be sign-posted to the Job Centre, or assisted to fill in job application forms. Getting a job would empower the person to become financially independent and offer a more permanent solution to a recurring problem. Similarly, people who lost their houses due to drug and alcohol misuse would be referred to other agencies such as Recovery Partnership for rehabilitation (solution focussed intervention). The SA worked with the Coventry City Council, who referred homeless people to the centre. The Local Authority pays  £147 per week towards the accommodation of the homeless person, while the person is required to pay  £10. The City Council is also the major funder for the agency, a concept which eroded its independence and community standing as a Christian based sanctuary for the homeless regardless of creed, race (based on verses from the Bible). As a result asylum seekers who had no recourse to public funds were denied services. This experience highlights some of the challenges faced by community workers in their quest to promote social justice, which is defined as the embodiment of fairness, equity, and equality in the distribution of societal resources (Flyn, 1990). This makes their role controversial as they become border guards (Ravi Kohli, 2006), and gatekeepers of resources (Limbery, 2005). The project workers also works hand in hand with GPs, the Job Centre, drug and alco hol rehabilitation centres, Community Psychiatrists and independent and local housing agencies. This requires good team working skills, and I will comment on the development of my team-working skills later in this report. Working with homeless people for statutory organisations is underpinned by legislation such as the Housing Act 1996, and the 1985 Housing Act. Local authorities have a duty under Section 183 of the Housing Act 1996 to provide or prevent homelessness. They have to make inquiries (Part 7 of the 1996 Act) where someone is likely to become homeless within 28 days. In addition, someone is prevented from becoming homeless if there is a casework intervention that will provide the person or family with accommodation sustainable for at least six months (Communities and Local Government Recording Homeless prevention and Relief E10 of the P1E Quarterly Returns, 2009). The Local authorities can work with partner organisations to help prevent homelessness, although these partner organisations have no duty to prevent homelessness. A partner organisation is any organisation which is assisting the local authority in tackling and preventing homelessness (ibid: 12). It may be funded by the Local Autho rity to help in preventing and tackling homelessness. In addition it can also be any organisation where the Local Authorities can refer people for assistance to prevent homelessness; and these include voluntary organisations and independent organisations for housing advice under s.179(1) of the 1996 Act. The Salvation Army is one of the voluntary organisations (faith based) that provide temporary accommodation to prevent homelessness. The Green Paper Independence, Well-being and Choice: Our Vision for the Future of Social Care for Adults in England (DoH, 2005) and the White Paper Caring for People (DoH, 1989) recognise assessments as key to any methods of intervention and good care for people. Assessments were carried out to identify the causes of homelessness, the persons history, entitlement to services, needs (medical, social and psychological), while a risk assessment was carried in all assessments in order to protect the service user from risk of self harm (suicide, intravenous drug use, substance misuse, financial abuse etc). According to Parker and Bradley (2006:11), a risk assessment is the likelihood of certain outcomes, whether positive or negative, occurring under certain circumstances or dependent on decisions made. It was important to carry out a risk assessment to establish the likelihood of people repeatedly becoming homeless, as some would return within three months to the centre. As such, a risk a ssessment sought to establish the best method of dealing with the presenting situation to reduce repeat homelessness, and where homelessness was attributed to drug and alcohol misuse, gambling, etc, the likelihood of that happening again was assessed before appropriate intervention methods were implemented. However, Webber (2009) argue that risk assessment in social work (and this can also be applied to community work) is laden with assumptions while lacking scientific thoroughness which can lead to rationing and excluding some service users. In particular I found that in some cases risk assessment led to the exclusion of some service users whose homelessness was seen as voluntary. One can argue that is being judgemental and not in-line with an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2006). However, in the same breath as risk assessment led to exclusion of service users, it also helped to identify those at risk of harm (physical and emotional) as a result of home lessness. After identifying risks, an assessment of needs was also carried out to identify the needs of the person, such as shelter (which would be the reason for coming to the centre), financial needs and those who were eligible to receive social security benefits would be referred to the Job Centre and/or Social Services department for housing benefit. In addition, those who were homeless because of debt would be referred to national debt agencies to device ways of alleviating the debt. Others would have lost their jobs, which led to repossession of houses or eviction. Those with medical needs were referred to specialist services. In summary, I found the role of carrying risk assessments and assessments of needs very educative while I also applied theory into practice while I assumed a managerial role (commissioning services and signposting). In addition, liaising with other agencies improved my communication skills, advocacy skills and negotiating skills, all skills which are vital to effec tive community practice. Skills required by community workers include community organisation, administration, social planning, social action and social development so that citizens can become active in their own environments (Hardcastle et al 2004). The model of intervention used with homelessness is that of empowering individuals to become self reliant and self sufficient. Social planning involved liaising with other external agencies such as the Coventry City Council, Refuge Centre, Job Centre and Social Services to help clients to get houses, social security benefits, as well as to help clients get jobs. My duties of coordinating services and signposting service users to these external agencies were part of social planning, organisation and action. One of the most intervention methods used at the centre is crisis intervention.   According to Jackson-Cherry and Erford (2010), a crisis intervention involves providing emergency psycho-social care to assist individuals in crises situation to restore a balance to their bio-psycho-social functioning. Similarly, Wilson et al (2008) define a crisis as a breakdown or disruption in a persons usual pattern of, or normal functioning. Homelessness and losing a tenancy in most cases is a result of long-term crises, and individuals respond to crises by striving to maintain their equilibrium through using their coping mechanisms (Jackson-Cherry and Erford, 2010). In addition crises can arise where problems persist and the precipitating events are threatening, and usual coping mechanisms fail to work (Wilson et al 2008). An analysis of some of the people who came to use the centre showed that they were going through crises such as financial, debt, unemployment, domestic violence, which affect ed usual coping mechanisms in others. In addition, losing a house can also lead to a crisis and affect the individuals coping mechanism. In a situation of homelessness caused by a crisis, or leading to a crisis, the role of a community worker is to solve the immediate crisis by offering shelter while looking for long term solutions (Wilson et al, 2008), which in turn leads to solution focussed intervention discussed below. Crisis intervention involves carrying out an assessment to identify needs, make referrals and implement a treatment plan or solution (Roberts, 2005). However, as already argued above, not all cases presented as crises were offered appropriate intervention, such as the case with asylum seekers, families, and people below the ages of 18 and above the age of 65, who were referred to other agencies. In addition to crisis intervention, solution focussed intervention method was also used at the Salvation Army hostel. Solution focussed intervention is change oriented, and encourages service users to find solutions to their problems (Wilson et al 2008). Solution focussed works by placing the responsibility on the service user (empowerment), providing them with tools to identify the extent of their crises, and where they are in the crisis. Gamble (1995) cited by Hardcastle et al (2004) argued that community practice involves using empowerment-based interventions to strengthen participation in democratic processes, assist groups and communities in advocating for their basic needs and organising for social justice. Bidding for accommodation, job search, referring service users with drug and alcohol problems to Recovery Partnership were some of the solution focussed methods of intervention provided on the model of empowerment. In addition to finding solutions as a tool for problem solvi ng, the Salvation Army also uses person-centred intervention method which sees the client as unique thereby requiring unique intervention. Person centred care (PCC), was developed from Carl Rogers person centred counselling (Nay and Garratt 2004). It promotes building relationships between client and professionals, which is empowering as it seeks to put the individual at the centre of their care (Wilson et al, 2008; Nay and Garratt, 2004). The project workers at the Salvation Army recognise that homeless people are individual people with different needs, and not a homogeneous community, hence support is tailored to meet individual needs. The report critically analysed the main functions of the Salvation Army hostel for the homeless. As a student I felt that although the faith-based centre is doing its best to help homeless people, the SA has diverted from its original ethos of helping people in need regardless of race and creed, and this was notable especially with the way asylum seekers are turned away because of their immigration statuses. The role of the Church and philanthropists in helping the need and the poor has its roots before the Reformation, when welfare assistance to the needy was provided by the Church, based on the seven corporal works of mercy (the thirsty must be given drink, the hungry to be fed, the naked to be clothed, the sick visited, the prisoners visited etc) (www.victorianweb.org); through to the Elizabethan Poor Laws (1601), when the church provided relief to people through its parishes (Payne 2002). However, because the Salvation Army gets most of its funding from the Local government, this limits what it can do as a church. Implications for practice. In relation to providing shelter to people between the ages of 18 to 65, one can argue that this is ageism (Dominelli 2006) because it assumes that people below 18 and over the age of 65 cannot become homeless. Ageism does not promote anti-discriminatory practice, and it is also oppressive (Dominellie 2006). In contrast The Employment Equality (Repeal of Retirement Age Provisions) Regulations 2011 abolishes the retirement age of 65 years, which means that the government recognises that people can still be active after 65 years of age. The centre also views homelessness from a gender point of view by allocating 75 of the rooms to men and leaving only five to women. This is based on the assumption that men are more likely to lose their homes especially through domestic violence (perpetrators of domestic violence) yet there is increasing evidence suggesting that there are also male victims of domestic violence (Shupe et al, 1987) . In addition to homelessness, single women are also like ly to lose their homes for the same reasons that men lose their homes (such as unemployment, drug and alcohol misuse, gambling etc). The report highlighted that there is no family unit at the Salvation Army in Coventry, while Leamington has only one family unit. Under the current economic climate, many families are losing homes due to repossession of houses and unemployment. As such it is also possible to have families becoming homeless. During my placement I witnessed whole families being turned away because of lack of facilities to accommodate families. One can also argue that by not having family units, the system views single people as more likely to become homeless. This issue of separating families was also practiced during the Poor Laws Amendment 1834, when families were separated in workhouses to punish the undeserving poor. For continuity of care the Salvation Army must continue to work in partnership with GPs, Community Psychiatrists and other health professionals during the recovery pathway so that people do not relapse when they return to the community. In terms of workloads, the project workers were allocated at least 10 service users each. In relation to time, comprehensive assessment to identify risks and needs, this workload was viewed by most workers as unmanageable, especially when allocated to service users with complex needs (accommodation, medical, drug and alcohol misuse, access to benefits etc). This also reduced the time of building rapport with clients (Trevithick 2000 and 2005) for effective intervention methods. The placement provided me with a forum to apply theory to practice, including relevant theoretical intervention methods, understanding policy and legislation, as well as exposing me to the challenges faced by community workers when they work with people towards individual and community development strategies. I also gained an insight into social and health inequalities leading to homelessness and how these impact on peoples lives. My communication and interviewing skills were also enhanced (Trevithick, 2000 and 2005) as I spoke to different service users and professionals. Working with external agencies improved my team working skills (ibid). Values of a community worker include ability to empathise, to work in a non-judgemental manner, to be patient as well as to promote empowerment through social justice. Conclusion The conclusions to be drawn from the above report and analysis of the role of the Salvation Army with homeless people in Coventry are that the church and the voluntary sector play a significant role in the provision of welfare to citizens. However, there is also need to reform some of the Salvation Armys policies to address issues of ageism, gender, challenge oppression especially with asylum seekers, and become inclusive to women and families who become homeless. Recruitment of volunteers can also be encouraged to reduce workloads. While the methods of intervention may be appropriate, however, assessments are not needs led but resource led, which makes it difficult for project workers to fulfil their roles to promote social justice.

Japans Purple Machine Essay -- Codes Communications Papers

Japan's Purple Machine Codes and ciphers have played many crucial roles in the past 3000 years, protecting the secrets of caesars and laymen. In World War II numerous nations used cryptographic systems to conceal their secret intentions and plans from the spying eyes of enemies everywhere. Cryptanalysts, however, undeterred by the complexity of the crypto-systems, worked diligently, trying to find any sort of weakness that would allow a break into the cipher and expose the secrets contained within. During the late 1930s two nations, Japan and the United States, were in a state of intense negotiations regarding various political conflicts. The US trying to indirectly help the Allies set numerous conditions for Japan that prevented her from receiving crucial resources and embarking on its agreed upon mission with its European friends. In the midst of this, a machine cipher, codenamed Purple was performing a vital role in the war making policies for both Japan and the United States. A rarely told story a bout a secret operation in the US involved in breaking Japan's most secure crypto-system reveals a truly remarkable set of events that not only shaped the outcome of WWII, but also spearheaded the launch of numerous intelligence agencies for protecting the citizens of its nations and preventing surprise attacks such as the one on Pearl Harbor. Japan's New Cipher Machine In the early 1930s, the Japanese Navy purchased a commercial version of the German Enigma and proceeded to modify it by adding features which enhanced its security (Kahn 6). The system that evolved was one of the most secure cryptographic machines in the world. The machine was codenamed "Red" by the US government and was used to encrypt the highest level ... ...ng. March 01, 2004. http://www.faircount.com/web04/pearlharbor/pdfs/codebreakers.pdf Hatch, A. David. Enigma and Purple: How the Allies Broke German and Japanese Codes During the War. March 06, 2004. http://cadigweb.ew.usna.edu/Lwdj/papers/cryptoday/hatch j,urple.ps Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Scribner, 1996. Kurzeja, Karen. Pearl Harbor & Ciphering Methods. March 1, 2004. http://raphael.math.uic.edu/Jeremy/crypt/contrib/kurzeja.html Momsen, Bill. Codebreaking and Secret Weapons in World War II. March 07, 2004. http://home.earthlink.net/–nbrassl/3enigma.htm Perloff, James. Pearl Harbor. The New American. December 8, 1986. http://www.thenewamerican.com/departments/feature/l 999/070499.htm Young, Frank Pierce. Flame & Blame at Pearl Harbor. The Responsibility Question. March 01, 2004. http://www.microworks.net/pacific/special/flamel.htm

Marriott Cost of Capital Essay

Our objective was to find the hurdle rates for Marriott’s three divisions and for the firm as a whole. Marriott should find the hurdle rates for its divisions separately because its divisions operate in separate industries and therefore face different business risks. Marriott’s vice president says that increasing the hurdle rate by 1% would decrease the present value of project inflows by 1%. Since finding appropriate hurdle rates is critical to accepting or rejecting projects, Marriott should be precise by calculating and using division-specific rates on division-specific projects. We used the WACC method so that our hurdle rates would reflect appropriate cost of debt and cost of equity, as explained in our subsequent analysis. We found Marriott’s hurdle rates: 8.646% for hotels, 10.94% for restaurants, 11.094% for contracts, and 9.688% for the entire company. Marriott should use the division-specific hurdle rates when evaluating division-specific projects. Using the overall WACC to evaluate a project in the restaurant industry, for example, could cause Marriott to incorrectly accept a project, which would destroy wealth. Our analysis also led us to evaluate Marriott’s four financial growth objectives. First, we found that by managing instead of owning hotel assets, Marriott was able to hedge its risks in the currently volatile economy. Second, we were concerned that Marriott’s strategy of maximizing shareholder wealth by treating its projects like â€Å"similar little boxes† instead of using division-specific hurdle rates would decrease shareholder value.

HEALY Last Name Meaning and Origin

HEALY Last Name Meaning and Origin The popular Irish surname Healy, is a shortened form of OHealy, an anglicized form of one of the following: (1) the Gaelic surname  Ãƒâ€œ hÉilidhe, meaning descendant of the claimant, from the Gaelic  Ãƒ ©ilidhe, meaning claimant. The  Ãƒâ€œ hÉilidhe clan originated in  Connaught. (2) the Gaelic surname  Ãƒâ€œ hÉalaighthe, meaning descendant of  Ãƒâ€°aladhach, a given name likely derived from ealadhach, meaning ingenious. The  Ãƒâ€œ hÉalaighthe clan originated in Munster. Healy is now rarely found with the O prefix, such as OHealy, OHaly or OHely, all common forms of the surname up to the end of the seventeenth century. Healy may also be a geographical English surname for any of the places named  Healey (or variants such as Hayleg, Helei, Heley, Helagh, and Helay) found in Lancashire, Northumberland or Yorkshire.  The name means the high clearing or wood, derived from the Old English heah, meaning high and leah, meaning glade or clearing in a wood. Healy is one of  50 common Irish surnames  of modern Ireland, ranking forty-seventh on the list with a total Irish population of about 13,000.   Surname Origin:  Irish, English Alternate Surname Spellings: HEALEY, HEELEY, HEELY,  OHEALY, OHALY, OHELY, OHEALEY, HALY, HELY, HAILY Famous People with the Surname HEALY Mark Healy - American surferCecil Healy - Australian swimmerDermot Healy - Irish novelist, playwright, and poetJames Augustine Healy - first  African-American Roman Catholic bishop in the United StatesRoy Healy - American rocket scientistTimothy Michael Healy - Irish politician ​Genealogy Resources for the Surname HEALY World Names Surname Profiler - Distribution of the HEALY SurnameTrace the geography and distribution of the HEALY surname through this free online database. It is fairly common throughout Ireland, with the greatest concentrations found in western Ireland. HEALY Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Healy surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Healy surname query. FamilySearch - HEALY GenealogyExplore over 2 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Healy surname and variants on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HEALY Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Healy surname. DistantCousin.com - HEALY Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Healy. Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York:  Oxford University Press, 2003.MacLysaght, Edward.  Surnames of Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Jane Eyre Settings Essay Example

Jane Eyre Settings Essay Example Jane Eyre Settings Essay Jane Eyre Settings Essay Jane Eyre Essay Jane Eyre, a Gothic novel by Charlotte Bronte, tells a story of a beauty and a beast. Jane Eyre grows up an orphaned girl in Victorian England who does not know love in her cruel aunts household; after a few years her aunt sends her to a school where they abuse Jane further. After spending eight years as a student of Lowood and two as a teacher, she takes a nanny position where she meets Mr. Rochester, and sparks begin to fly. Bronte divides Janes story into three significant sections, which have a different effect on Janes life as seen at Gateshead, Lowood, and Thornfield . Janes spends her early life in the clutches of her aunt in Gateshead, a house that Jane experiences most of her loveless years in. After leaving the merciless Gateshead, Jane comes to Lowood School expecting little, but while there she begins to experience her first taste of love, mixed with unkindness from the insufferable Mr. Brocklehurst. Having learned and endured much, Jane arrives at Thornfield looking forward to her next life of servitude; however, while at Thornfield, her life takes a turn for the better, finally granting her the happiness she deserves all these years. Gateshead, Lowood, and Thornfield have a significant role in Jane Eyres life, they all impact her as a person importantly, each in a different way. Gateshead hosts an unloving family that do nothing but hurt Jane, Lowood is a school that practices rigid and harsh rules but allows Jane to experience love for the first time, and Thornfield has the biggest impact on Jane, giving her to have a happy ending. Jane Eyre, an abused, neglected, unloved orphan sent to three very different places over the course of her predominantly unhappy life; each place affects her greatly, and each for an extremely different reason.

E-waste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-waste - Essay Example Regardless of the efforts by some individuals in reducing the level of e-wastes, it is unlikely that such efforts will solve the problem. E-waste, described as electronic products nearing their useful life is one of the biggest concerns for the environmentalists. Although the term e-waste describes electronic products near their useful life, some of the environmentalists use the term to describe a number of by-products and wastes dumped in the environment. According to Leonard (film), e-waste is any material dumped into the environment and has a negative effect to the environment or negatively affects the health of the people. Any by-product of the manufacturing process such as toxic fumes and wastes dumped into rivers and the soil as well as the unwanted products that consumers dispose of, whether obsolete or useless, according to Leonard (film) is e-waste. This generalization thus encompasses a number of by-products regarded as e-wastes to the environment. Since e-wastes do not dec ompose, they contribute to the biggest crisis facing human beings in this era  (Reinhardt web). Although there are efforts to recycle them, not all of these wastes are recyclable. As such, the only way that people can solve the problem is by reducing the amount of wastes produced and dumped into the environment. ... Different factors contribute to the increased amount of e-wastes in the environment. Although most of the studies concentrate on the effects of dumped e-wastes as the main contributing factors to the e-wastes, Leonard (film) includes all the stages involved in the product life cycle. As Leonard argues, â€Å"in the past decade, the world has used at least one third of the total natural resources†, which portrays a danger in waiting. While the third world countries do not take part in the high level of manufacturing, developed countries such as the united states, after extensively using their natural resources have resulted to the developing countries for raw materials. This balances the level of resources consumption in the world. The manufacturing process is yet another stage that significantly contributes to the high level of e-wastes in the environment. As the process involves the use of toxics, these contribute to the high number of toxic wastes released to the environment . The manufacturing process waste people too as they work in the highly toxic environments. They inhale the fumes from the production process, which contributes to the high levels of cancer diseases. Moreover, the production process releases fumes into the environment as well as effluents that are by-products of the manufacturing process. However, the increased culture of consumerism the world has adopted in the recent past contributes to the high level of e-wastes dumped in the environment. According to Leonard, â€Å"an average us person consumes twice as much as they consumed 50 years ago,† yet there is no way of changing this culture of consumerism in the society. the designing of

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Speech - Essay Example In this country, there is discrimination against foreigners. There is discrimination against Indians. There is discrimination against Europeans. There is discrimination against the Americans. There is discrimination against fellow Arabs particularly the Palestinians. The founders of the nation planted the seeds of discrimination among us, and now we are feeling its effects. Many foreigners have been suffering in silence since independence due to discrimination. They do not get equal opportunities like the indigenous people. When we gained independence, our government pursued policies that ensured Palestinians permanently remained refugees. We treated them in a manner that always made them feel that their presence in this country would remain temporary. The government deliberately denied many of them entry visas. As a result, some families were split, and some of them decided to leave the country. We did not give them permanent residence or citizenship, including those who were born here. Our country practices institutionalized discrimination against the Bedoons. The authorities have denied them citizenship despite living in the country for many generations. They are citizens without citizenship. They are barred from government employment, and their children have difficulties in accessing education. They do not move freely because they lack identification and travel documents. They also fear arrests and deportation from the country. Kuwait is the only country that the Bedoon community has ever known. They do not belong to Saudi Arabia. They do not belong to Iraq. They only failed to register themselves as citizens in 1950s because they had not foreseen the benefits of Kuwaiti citizenship. Their failure should not be used as a basis of denying them equal rights like other indigenous populations. Our government has always played tricks on the community by amending the laws so that none of them gets Kuwaiti citizenship. Our country needs broad

Strategic Decision making creates global competitive advantage for Research Paper - 1

Strategic Decision making creates global competitive advantage for South African Breweries - Research Paper Example The firm strongly emphasizes on the continuous development of its strategies, through strategies as those described above. However, there are certain parts of the business strategy that need to be updated the soonest possible; reference is made to the HR policies of the firm, which have led to severe complaints by the employees and the development of strikes. The HR strategies of the firm are reviewed in this paper; reference is made specifically to the organizational strategies for employee motivation. Appropriate literature has been used for analyzing and evaluating the firm’s policies in the particular field; emphasis is given on the potential use of the expectancy theory for explaining and managing the lack of employee motivation in the particular organization. Also, strategic tools have been used for describing the firm’s internal and external environment – aiming to show the prospects of the firm to resolve effectively the particular organizational problem. The performance of South African Breweries in the local and the global market is depended on a series of factors; the figures included in the firm’s financial statements can be indicators for the firm’s performance up to now and its expected rate of growth. However, in order to identify the firm’s performance in the future it would be necessary to refer to the current market conditions – referring to the performance and the trends of the South African beverage industry; moreover, data on the firm’s performance up to now should be presented aiming to show the potentials of the firm to achieve a stable growth in the long term. Strategic tools, like the SWOT analysis and the PESTEL analysis will be employed in order to identify the conditions in the firm’s environment and retrieve information on the barriers that the firm’s has to face in the particular industry. Appropriate literature is also used for indicating the aspects and the pote ntial solutions of the

History of Internet Advertising Essay Example for Free

History of Internet Advertising Essay The history of Advertising goes back a long time in history during the time of the Romans in which merchants had street signs advertising their wares. With the invention of printing press during the middle part of the 1400s, things changed as it heralded a new era that shaped the course of civilization. The rise of broadcast technology in the twentieth century had made further advances in the world of advertising. In the 1920s, radio advertising carried the industry into its prime and become central to the operation of the advertising world until the rise of television advertising in the 1950s which rose to its prominence ever since up to the present time in which another break through in advertising has risen, the internet. Although internet began in the late 1960s it was only during the creation of the â€Å"Unix User Network or Usenet† (Prince, p. 3) that people got connected and â€Å"ready to do business† (p. ) through the â€Å"store-and-forward† net work ,where people could post news, views, and other communications to be read by others. Prince pointed out that the Usenet was â€Å"quickly adapted as a high-tech classified circular† (wherein categories were established for listing of items for sale. However, it was only in 1995 that a more profound use of the internet for advertisement had started as advertisement becomes more informative and specific. The internet advertising has since then begun to take substantial share of the market advertisement, and the year 2000 recorded the big leap in the internet advertisement with over eight billion dollars in revenue. Since then though, the growth of the internet advertisement in terms of dollar revenues were up and down but it is indisputably that the internet advertisement has become the most sophisticated and far reaching mode of advertisement.

Analysis of Ulysses by Alfred Lord Tennyson Essay -- Papers Poetry Poe

Analysis of Ulysses by Alfred Lord Tennyson In the poem "Ulysses" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the readers are shown a great king in the later years of his life. The reader finds Ulysses reflecting on the glorious days of his youth and planning that by some means he will obtain those glorious times again. He refuses to accept a future of growing old and ruling his kingdom. Ulysses will not let the rest of his life pass him by just sitting still on his throne, doing the mundane job of ruling a kingdom. Ulysses has reached the twilight years in his life and yet he refuses to give in to the fate that time has for all men. Ulysses states in the second stanza, "I cannot rest from travel; I will drink / Life to the lees."(line 9-10) With this statement from Ulysses the reader is shown that he has become very disillusioned about whatever life his throne could bring him if he were to stay at home and run the kingdom. The reader discovers what Ulysses thinks he has to do with the rest of his life when he states "I am become a name; / For always roaming with a hungry heart". (11-1...

Deciphering RU-486 Essays -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Deciphering RU-486 When told there is a drug available that may prove useful in the treatment of everything from cancer to HIV to Alzheimer ¹s Disease (1), the tendency would be to ask why its use isn ¹t more pervasive. Conversely, when told there is a drug that functions to terminate unwanted pregnancies as well as preventing them from occurring at all (1), it would be more likely to call into question the ethics of such a design. However, when considering a drug that does all these things, the need to see everything as black and white suddenly becomes less easily met. The drug RU-486, simultaneously vilified by anti-abortion advocates and praised by many research scientists, is just such a drug, and it presents a decidedly modern moral dilemma. Its inhibitory effects on the hormone progesterone are fairly effective in ending a pregnancy in its early stages (1), with this aspect of the drug being successfully marketed in Europe (6) prior to its more recent entrance into this country (13). Its othe r uses have been less widely publicized, largely because to an extent they are just being developed. RU-486 appears to also have an inhibitory effect on the class of stress hormones known as glucocorticoids, which have been recognized as being extremely harmful to the body in a whole host of ways given a high enough concentration. With the high-stress lifestyles we lead today and little evolutionary back-up to deal with that, it is imperative that we come up with a method of treating stress-related illness. It is worth considering at what point the more controversial use of RU-486 should be put aside to allow its beneficial features to achieve their fullest potential. The clinical efficacy of RU-486 comes in its ability to bind to... ... 6) Feminist Majority Foundation Reports on Mifepristone http://www.feminist.org/gateway/ru486one.html 7) Unleashing the Killer Pill: RU-486 Dangers, Lies, and Nazi/Communist Roots Exposed http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3a21faea3ba6.htm 8) The RU-486 Files http://www.ru486.org/ 9) Penn Scientists Identify New Pathway in HIV Cycle http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/features/1995/042595/Vpr.html 10) AIDS-related Kaposi ¹s Sarcoma: evidence for direct stimulatory effect of glucocorticoid on cell proliferation http://cancer.med.upenn.edu/cancernet/95/may/705001.html#6 11) Cushing ¹s Syndrome http://medhlp.netusa.net/lib/cushings.htm 12) Treatment of Cushing ¹s Syndrome http://www.uptodate.com/patient_info/topicpages/text/10348A3.asp#19 13) Time Magazine: The Pill Arrives http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,56387,00.html

Ano Ang Kahulugan Ng Impression?

Marvic S. Garcia 211 Caoibes St. Balayan, Batangas (63)9335615026 / (63)9217691390 [email  protected] com ObjectiveTo continually enhance my knowledge and skills that I possess by absorbing and adopting the techniques whichc can be contributed by the other environment to be able to contribute for the better of myself and field where I belong. Capabilities and Skills Operation of CNC Milling (Makino Seiki MSA50 Fanuc Series16, OKK VS5-II Fanuc Series16i, Mori Seiki DuraVertical 5060 Fanuc)Robodrill T21 I Ee(Fanuc 4-way axis) OKK MC-VM4(4-way axis) and Takizawa(TC-200 L6) lathe machine, Haas VF1, FP3 Deckel, Victor Taichung Milling, DC 100, Okuma Turning(LH55L), Mazak(Mazatroll T-plus) ? Knowledgeable in engineering/mechanical drawings ? Knowledgeable in Mastercam Version 8. 0 (2D/milling process) ? Knowledgeable in Microsoft Word and Excel ? Knowledgeable in Using QC tools (calipers, micrometer, pin gauge, thread gauge, gauge block, digiheight and microhyte)Other capabilities: Well experienced in handling tight tolerance dimensions in fabricating products. Capable of setting-up CNC milling and CNC lathe machines. Can create Manual programs and have background in Mastercam programing for CNC milling with FANUC control. Can handle different types of material such as Aluminums, Plastics, Stainless Steels, Cast Irons and Heat-treated materials. Knowledgeable in different types of working environments (Mass Production/Precision and Tooling) Knowledgeable in fabricating semi-conductor products and Mold parts. Work Experiences Steel Asia Manufaccturing Corp.CNC Machinist Bahay Pari, Meycauayan Bulacan Jan. 2013 – Present Job Description ? Set-up and operate CNC lathe and CNC nutching machine ? Editing programs for CNC lathe machine and nutching machine ? Set-up and operates conventional lathe machine ? Operates welding machine ? Analyzing programs ? Checking, preparing and installing tools to the machine ? Monitoring of the dimensions and appearance of the pro duct ? Filling-up of daily out-put form and inspection sheets ? Operates overhead cranes for lifting materials ? Reporting to superior from time-to-time Ramcar TechnologyCNC Machinist Sta. Maria Industrial Park, Brgy. Bulac Sta. Maria, Bulacan Oct. 2011 – Oct. 2012 Job Description ? Set-up and operate CNC lathe and CNC milling machines ? Creating manual programs for CNC Milling machines ? Analyzing programs ? Checking, preparing and installing tools to the machine ? Operates overhead cranes for lofting-up materials ? Adjustments of parameters, programs and WCS of the machine ? Operates ban saw cutting machine ? Monitoring of the dimensions and appearance of the product ? Filling-up of daily out-put form and inspection sheets ? Reporting to uperior from time-to-time Castem Phils. Inc. CNC Machinist CEPZ, Rosario, Cavite Aug. 2009 – Oct. 2011 Job Description ? Set-up and operate CNC lathe and CNC milling machines ? Creating and Analyzing programs ? Checking, preparing an d installing tools to the machine ? Adjustments of parameters, programs and WCS of the machine ? Monitoring of the dimensions and appearance of the product ? Filling-up of daily out-put form and inspection sheets ? Reporting to superior from time-to-time Enlin Steel Corp. CNC Machinist CEPZ, Rosario, Cavite March 2008 – April 2009 Job Description Operate CNC Lathe Machine ? Se -up CNC lathe machines ? Setting up of tools ? Editing CNC programs ? Checking of the quantity of the material before fabrication ? Conduct inspection from time-to-time ? Conduct preventive maintenance of the machine Dic Seimitsu Phils. Inc. CNC Machinist CEPZ, Rosario, Cavite March 2007-Sept. 2007 Job Description ? Operation of CNC Milling (Makino Seiki MSA50 Fanuc Series16, ? OKK VS5-II Fanuc Series16i, Mori Seiki DuraVertical 5060Fanuc) ? Analyze engineering drawings that can be translated to Mastercam Version 8. 0 programs use in fabrication of products. Jigs, tools and fixtures Fabrication ? Master cam Version 8. 0 milling process programming. ? Use of QC tools such as Caliper, Micrometer, Digiheight, pin gauge, thread gauge, gauge block and microhyte use for inspection before and after fabrication. Nanbu Phils. Inc. Extrusion Staff / Machinist CEPZ, Rosario, Cavite March 2006- Sept. 2006 Job Description ? Set-up extrusion machines ? Fabricating Moulds for extrusion machine ? Cleaning, repairing and Re-machining moulds ? Installing mould and calibrator of the machine ? Conducting pre-heating and booting-up of the machine ?Conducting size checking and visual inspection of the product ? Conducting adjustments of the parameters of the machine if necessary Educational Background Tertiary Balayan Colleges Balayan, Batangas Computer Technology (1997-1999) Secondary Balayan National High School Balayan, Batangas 1993-1997 PrimaryBalayan East Central School Balayan, Batangas 1986-1993 Personal Information Male, Single, July 13, 1980, Balayan, Batangas, Roman Catholic, 5’6†, 136 lbs. I here by attest that all information stated above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge. Marvic S. Garcia

Battle of Wilsons Creek - Civil War - Missouri

Battle of Wilsons Creek - Civil War - Missouri Battle of Wilsons Creek - Conflict Date: The Battle of Wilsons Creek was fought August 10, 1861, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Brigadier General Nathaniel LyonColonel Franz Sigelapprox. 5,400 men Confederate Brigadier General Benjamin McCullochMajor General Sterling Priceapprox. 12,000 men Battle of Wilsons Creek - Background: As the secession crisis gripped the United States in the winter and spring of 1861, Missouri increasingly found itself caught between the two sides. With the attack on Fort Sumter in April, the state attempted to maintain a neutral stance. Despite this, each side began organizing a military presence in the state. That same month, Southern-leaning Governor Claiborne F. Jackson covertly sent a request to Confederate President Jefferson Davis for heavy artillery with which to attack the Union-held St. Louis Arsenal. This was granted and four guns and 500 rifles secretly arrived on May 9. Met at St. Louis by officials of the Missouri Volunteer Militia, these munitions were transported to the militias base at Camp Jackson outside the city. Learning of the artillerys arrival, Captain Nathaniel Lyon moved against Camp Jackson the next day with 6,000 Union soldiers. Compelling the militias surrender, Lyon marched those militiamen who would not take an oath of allegiance through the streets of St. Louis before paroling them. This action inflamed the local population and several days of rioting ensued. On May 11, the Missouri General Assembly formed the Missouri State Guard to defend the state and appointed Mexican-American War veteran Sterling Price as its major general. Though initially against secession, Price turned to the Southern cause after Lyons actions at Camp Jackson. Increasingly concerned that the state would join the Confederacy, Brigadier General William Harney, commander of the US Armys Department of the West, concluded the Price-Harney Truce on May 21. This stated that Federal forces would hold St. Louis while state troops would be responsible for maintaining peace elsewhere in Missouri. Battle of Wilsons Creek - Change of Command: Harneys actions quickly drew the ire of Missouris leading Unionists, including Representative Francis P. Blair, who saw it as a surrender to the Southern cause. Reports soon began reaching the city that Union supporters in countryside were being harassed by pro-Southern forces. Learning of the situation, an angry President Abraham Lincoln directed that Harney be removed and replaced with Lyon who was to be promoted to brigadier general. Following the change of command on May 30, the truce effectively ended. Though Lyon met with Jackson and Price on June 11, the latter two were unwilling to submit to Federal authority. In the wake of the meeting, Jackson and Price withdrew to Jefferson City to concentrate Missouri State Guard forces. Pursued by Lyon, they were compelled to cede the state capital and retreated into the southwestern part of the state. Battle of Wilsons Creek - Fighting Begins: On July 13, Lyons 6,000-man Army of the West encamped near Springfield. Consisting of four brigades, it was comprised of troops from Missouri, Kansas, and Iowa as well as contained contingents of US Regular infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Seventy-five miles to the southwest, Prices State Guard soon grew as it was reinforced by Confederate forces led by Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch and Brigadier General N. Bart Pearces Arkansas militia. This combined force numbered around 12,000 and overall command fell to McCulloch. Moving north, the Confederates sought to attack Lyons position at Springfield. This plan soon unraveled as the Union army departed the town on August 1. Advancing, Lyon, took the offensive with the goal of surprising the enemy. An initial skirmish at Dug Springs the next day saw Union forces victorious, but Lyon learned that he was badly outnumbered. Battle of Wilsons Creek - The Union Plan: Assessing the situation, Lyon made plans to fall back to Rolla, but first decided to mount a spoiling attack on McCulloch, who was encamped at Wilsons Creek, to delay the Confederate pursuit. In planning the strike, one of Lyons brigade commanders, Colonel Franz Sigel, proposed an audacious pincer movement which called for splitting the already smaller Union force. Agreeing, Lyon directed Sigel to take 1,200 men and swing to the east to strike McCullochs rear while Lyon attacked from the north. Departing Springfield on the night of August 9, he sought to commence the assault at first light. Battle of Wilsons Creek - Early Success: Reaching Wilsons Creek on schedule, Lyons men deployed before dawn. Advancing with the sun, his troops took McCullochs cavalry by surprise and drove them from their camps along a ridge which became known as Bloody Hill. Pushing on, the Union advance was soon checked by Pulaskis Arkansas Battery. Intense fire from these guns gave Prices Missourians time to rally and form lines to the south of the hill. Consolidating his position on Bloody Hill, Lyon attempted to restart the advance but with little success. As fighting intensified, each side mounted attacks but failed to gain ground. Like Lyon, Sigels initial efforts achieved their goal. Scattering Confederate cavalry at Sharps Farm with artillery, his brigade pushed forward to Skeggs Branch before halting at the stream (Map). Battle of Wilsons Creek - The Tide Turns: Having halted, Sigel failed to post skirmishers on his left flank. Recovering from the shock of the Union attack, McCulloch began directing forces against Sigels position. Striking the Union left, he drove the enemy back. Losing four guns, Sigels line soon collapsed and his men began retreating from the field. To the north, a bloody stalemate continued between Lyon and Price. As the fighting raged, Lyon was wounded twice and had his horse killed. Around 9:30 AM, Lyon fell dead when he was shot in the heart while leading a charge forward. With his death and the wounding of Brigadier General Thomas Sweeny, command fell to Major Samuel D. Sturgis. At 11:00 AM, having repulsed a third major enemy assault and with ammunition dwindling, Sturgis ordered Union forces to withdraw towards Springfield. Battle of Wilsons Creek - Aftermath: In the fighting at Wilsons Creek, Union forces suffered 258 killed, 873 wounded, and 186 missing while the Confederates incurred 277 killed, 945 wounded, and around 10 missing. In the wake of the battle, McCulloch elected not to pursue the retreating enemy as he was concerned about the length of his supply lines and the quality of Prices troops. Instead, he withdrew back into Arkansas while Price embarked on a campaign in northern Missouri. The first major battle in the West, Wilsons Creek was likened to Brigadier General Irvin McDowells defeat the previous month at the First Battle of Bull Run. During the fall, Union troops effectively drove Price from Missouri. Pursuing him into northern Arkansas, Union forces won a key victory at the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862 which effectively secured Missouri for the North. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Battle of Wilsons CreekNPS: Wilsons Creek National Battlefield CWSAC Battle Summaries: Wilsons Creek